Aquatic ecology and management assessment in Valle de Bravo reservoir and its watershed
Keywords:
Basin management, Applied limnology, Aquatic weeds, Nonpoint sources, Export coefficients, Nutrient loadingAbstract
The Valle de Bravo reservoir provides 30% of Mexico City’s drinking water. Unfortunately, human activities in the watershed have affected the water quality in this reservoir. Its trophic state changed from oligotrophic in 1980 to mesotrophic in 1987. Research conducted from March 1992 to February 1993 defined the main limnological characteristics of the water body and identified the most highly polluted subbasins in the Amanalco River Watershed. For this purpose, water, sediments and vascular plants were sampled in the waterbody. In the Amanalaco River Watershed land use and nutrient loadings in each subbasin were quantified.
The study dam is warm and monomictic, with a nine-month period of stratification and an overturn in December. Bottom anoxia occurred during the stratified phase. The reservoir was eutrophic during summer and mesotrophic the rest of the year. In the Amanalco basin, the highest phosphorus and nitrogen loadings (P, N in t y-1) entered by way of the Becerra (4.9, 47.2), Pipioltepec (8.6, 61.9) and Candelaria (8.5, 69.5) subbasins. A good agreement was found in a comparison between the export coefficients estimates in the Amanalco River Watershed and the measured amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen transported to 38 US waterbodies. Nevertheless, the phosphorus export coefficients for the forested subbasins within the Amanalco River Watershed were rather high in relation to the typical values found in the literature, and the values for agricultural land were low in relation to the same source.
For the first time in Mexico, export coefficients for phosphorus and nitrogen were estimated, both of which will be useful in assigning priorities in land management. The export coefficients estimates presented in this study can be applied to other scenarios in Mexico which have the same temperate semihumid climate.
References
Alabaster, J.S. and Lloyd, R. 1982. Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish, 2nd ed., London: Butterworths, Food and agric. org. of the UN.
APHA (American Public Health Association). 1989. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th ed. Washington, DC
Arrignon, J. 1979. Ecología y Piscicultura de Aguas Dulces, Edited by: Mundi-Prensa. Spain: Madrid.
Bravo, I.L. Determinación de clorofila a en embalses eutróficos y mesotróficos. Pap. Pres. VII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental. September 19–21 , Oaxaca, Mexico.
Bravo, I.L. 1995. Estudio limnológico de la presa Madín, Méx. con énfasis en su estado trófico y en el manejo de cuenca. M. Sc. Dissertation, Mexico City: Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Bravo, I.L., Sánchez, J.C., Olvera, V.V. and Gutiérrez, E.L. Simulación de control mecánico de lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes). Pap. Pres. VIII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental. September 23–25 , Cocoyoc, México.
Castagnino, W.A. 1982. Investigación de modelos simplificados de eutroficación en lagos tropicales, Technical Report Lima, , Peru: WHO (World Health Organization), OPS (Pan American Health Organization), CEPIS (Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Science).
Cole, G.A. 1979. Texbook of Limnology, Missouri: C.V. Mosby.
Deguchi, J., Nakazawa, A. and Gutiérrez, C. 1980. Studies on Inter-especific relation of fishes in the dam Valle de Bravo, México, on the environment. Bull. Coll. Agr. and Vet. Med Univ., 37: 154–259.
Grobler, D.C. and Silberbauer, M.J. 1985. The combined effect of geology, phosphate sources and runoff on phosphate export from drainage basins. Water Res., 19(8): 975–981.
Hutchinson, G.E. 1975. A Treatise on limnology, vol. 1, New York: Wiley.
INEGI (National institute of statistics, geography and informatics). 1974. Topographic and land use maps. Codes.- E14A36, E14A37, E14A46 and E14A47 Mexico City Scale 1: 50,000
Lorenzen, C.J. 1967. Determination of chlorophyll and pheopigments spectrophotometric equations. Limnol. Oceanog., 12: 343–346.
Margalef, R., Planas, D., Armengol, J., Vidal, A., Prat, N., Guiset, A., Toja, J. and Estrada, M. 1976. Limnología de los Embalses Españoles, Madrid, , Spain: Departamento de Ecología de la Universidad de Barcelona, Dirección General de Obras Hidráulicas, Ministerio de Obras Públicas.
Maas, J.M. and Garcia-Oliva, F. 1990. La conversacion de suelos en zonas tropicales: el caso de Mexico. Cienca y Desarrollo, 15(90): 21–36.
Martino, P. 1989. Curso básico sobre eutroficación, Lima, , Peru: WHO. OPS. CEPIS. Programa de Salud Ambiental.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 1981. Report of the Ministry of the OECD. Water qual. bull., 6(4): 152–154.
Olvera, V.V. 1990. Estudio de la eutroficación del embalse Valle de Bravo, México. M. Sc. Dissertation, 87–87. Mexico City: Faculty of Science, UNAM.
Olvera, V.V. and Sánchez, J. Dinámica poblacional de Hydrilla verticilata, Royle y simulación de su control por el pez Amur utilizando un modelo presa-depredador. Pap. Pres. VII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental. September 19–21 , Oaxaca, México.
Omernik, J.M. 1976. “The influence of land use on stream nutrient levels”. In Ecological Research Series. EPA 600/3-77-105, 106–106. Corvallis, Oregon: US Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Research Laboratory.
Rast, W. and Lee, F. 1983. Nutrient loading estimates for lakes. Amer. Soc. Civil. Engr Env. Engr. Div., 109: 502–505.
Reckhow, K.H. and Simpson, J.T. 1980. A procedure using modeling and error analysis for the prediction of lake phosphorus concentration from land use information. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37: 1439–1448.
Reckhow, K.H., Beaulac, M.N. and Simpson, J.T. 1980. Modeling phosphorus loading and lake response under uncertainty: a manual and compilation of export coefficients. EPA 400/5-80-011, 214–214. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Office of water criteria regulations.
Robbins, W.R., Glicker, J.L., Bloem, D.M. and Bruce, M.N. 1991. Effective watershed management for surface water supplies. J. Am. water., 83(12): 34–44.
Salas, H.J. and Martino, P. 1988. Memorias del cuarto encuentro del proyecto regional, dsarrollo de metodologías simplificadas para la evaluación de eutroficación en lagos cálidos tropicales, 28–28. Puerto Rico: WHO. OPS. CEPIS..
Sánchez, J. Influencia de los sedimentos sobre la calidad del agua en los embalses. Pap. Pres. VII Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental. September 19–21 , Oaxaca, Mexico.
SEDUE (Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecología). 1990. Criterios ecológicos de calidad del agua CECCA001/89, enero de 1990. Gaceta Ecológica, II(6): 26–36.
Sonzogni, W.C. and Lee, G.F. 1974. Nutrient Sources for Lake Mendota — 1972. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett., 62: 133–164.
SSa (Secretaría de Salud. 1988. Norma Agua Potable, 18 de enero de 1988. Diario Oficial, CDXII(11): 5–53.
US EPA. 1974. Relationships between drainage area characteristics and non-point nutrients in streams, Corvallis, Oregon: US Environmental Protection Agency. Pacific northwest environmental research laboratory.
Uttomark, P.D., Chapin, J.D. and Green, K.M. 1974. Estimating nutrient loading of lakes from non-point sources. Ecological research series, 112–112. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-660-3-74-020.
Vollenweider, V.A. 1983. Notas del segundo encuentro del proyecto de eutroficación en Lagos Cálidos. Technical Report, Brazil: WHO. OPS. CEPIS..
Vollenweider, R.A. and Kerekes, J.J. 1981. “Background and summary results of the OECD Cooperative Program on eutrophication”. In Restoration of Lakes and Inland Waters, 26–35. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-440/5-81-010. In
Walker, W.W. 1983. Significance of eutrophication in water supply reservoirs. J. Am. Water, 75(1): 38–42.
Wetzel, R.G. 1975. Limnology, 767–767. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Manuscripts must be original. They must not be published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. It is required that the lead author of accepted papers complete and sign the MSU Press AEHM Author Publishing Agreement and provide it to the publisher upon acceptance.
