Concentration and distribution of chlorinated phenolic compounds in Fraser River suspended sediment
Keywords:
Continuous flow centrifuge, Catechol, Guaiacols, FlowAbstract
The concentration of chlorophenolic compounds in suspended sediments was determined at four sites located on the upper Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada. One site was located upstream from the five pulp mills on the Fraser River, while the remaining three sites were located downstream from these mills. Suspended sediment samples were collected using a continuous flow centrifuge during the fall low flow and winter (under ice) periods. Nineteen chlorophenolic compounds were detected in samples collected from the downstream sites, with 4,5-dichlorocatechol, 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol and 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocatechol measured in the highest concentrations. Samples collected under winter low flow conditions consistently had higher concentrations of chlorophenolics than samples collected under fall flow conditions. This is likely the result of a decrease in both the river flow and the background suspended sediment concentration during the winter low flow period.
References
Allard, A.-S., Remberger, M., Viktor, T. and Neilson, A.H. 1988. Environmental fate of chloroguaiacols and chlorocatechols. Wat. Sci. Tech., 20(2): 131–141.
Carey, J.H., Fox, M.E., Brownlee, B.G., Metcalfe, J.L. and Platford, R.F. 1984. Disappearance kinetics of 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorophenol in a fluvial system. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 62: 971–975.
Carey, J.H. and Hart, J.H. 1988. Sources of chlorophenolic compounds to the Fraser River estuary. Water Poll. Res. J. Can., 23(1): 55–68.
Carson, M. 1988. “Sediment Station Analysis: Fraser River Near Marguerite 08MC018”. In Prepared for Water Resource Branch, Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada, Victoria, BC: Vancouver, B.C.M.A. Carson and Associates.
Churchland, L., Kan, G., Mah, F. and Tuominen, T. Abstracts of the Meeting of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Vancouver, BC. pp.986–986. Abstract # NW6d-P3
Dwernychuck, L. The Receiving Environment of the Upper Fraser River: A Pilot Environmental Effect Monitoring Program Examining Physical/Chemical/Biological Elements of the System Related to Pulp Mill Effluents, November 1990. Prepared for Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd. Prince George Ltd. Intercontinental Pulp Company Ltd. Quesnel River Pulp Company, Cariboo Pulp and Paper Company, Environment Canada and British Columbia Ministry of Environment. BC: Hatfield Consultants Ltd. West Vancouver.
Dwernychuk, L., Bruce, G., Gordon, B. and Thomas, G. Fraser and Thompson Rivers: A Comprehensive Organochlorine Survey 1990/91. (Drinking water/mill effluent/sediment/fish). Prepared for Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd. Prince George Pulp and Paper Ltd. Intercontinental Pulp Company Ltd. Cariboo Pulp and Paper Company, Weyerhaeuser Canada Ltd. BC: Hatfield Consultants Ltd. West Vancouver.
Dwernychuk, L. and Levy, D. 1994. Upper Fraser River Environmental Effects Monitoring Pre-Design Reference Document, BC: Prepared for Northwood Pulp & Timber Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Quesnel River Pulp Company and Cariboo Pulp & Paper Company. Hatfield Consultants Ltd. West Vancouver.
Horowitz, A., Elrick, K. and Hooper, R. 1989. A comparison of instrumental dewatering methods for the separation and concentration of suspended sediment for subsequent trace element analysis. Hydrol. Processes, 2: 163–189.
Konasewich, D., Traversy, W. and Zar, H. 1978. Great Lakes Water Quality Status Report on Organic and Heavy Metal Contaminants in Lake Erie, Michigan, Huron and Superior Basins to the Implementation Committee of the Great Lakes Quality Board International, Windsor, ON: Joint Commission.
Neilson, A.H., Allard, A.-S., Hynning, P., Remberger, M. and Viktor, T. 1990. The environmental fate of chlorophenolic constituents of bleachery effluents. Tappi J, 73(3): 239–247.
Paasivirta, J. and Sarkka, J. 1985. Polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols, and catechols in the environment. Chemosphere, 14(5): 469–491.
Pierce, R.C. 1978. The Aqueous Chlorination of Organic Compounds: Chemical Reactivity and Effects on Environmental Quality NRCC No. 16450
Sekela, M., Brewer, R., Baldazzi, C. and Moyle, G. 1994. “Change in Contaminant Concentration in Fraser River Suspended Sediments and Water During the Onset of Freshet (Marguerite—1993)”. In Science Division, Environmental Conservation Branch, Pacific and Yukon Region, North Vancouver, BC: Environment Canada. DOE FRAP 1994-29
Sekela, M., Brewer, R., Baldazzi, C., Moyle, G. and Tuominien, T. 1995. “Survey of Contaminants in Suspended Sediment and Water in the Fraser River Basin”. In Science Division, Environmental Conservation Branch, Pacific and Yukon Region, Environment Canada North Vancouver, BC DOE FRAP 1995-21
Voss, R.H. and Yunker, M.B. 1983. “A Study of Chlorinated Phenolics Discharged into Kraft Mill Receiving Waters”. In Prepared for the Council of Forest Industries, Technical Advisory Committee, Point Claire, , Canada: Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1989. “Pentachlorophenol Health and Safety Guide”. In IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety Health and Safety Guide No. 19 WHO. ISBN 92-4-154341-8
Wan, M.T. and Van Oostdam, J. 1995. Utility and railway rights-of-way contaminants: dioxins and furans. J. Environ. Qual., 24(2): 257–265.
Water Quality Branch. 1993. “Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chlorophenols”. In British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Water Management Division
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Manuscripts must be original. They must not be published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. It is required that the lead author of accepted papers complete and sign the MSU Press AEHM Author Publishing Agreement and provide it to the publisher upon acceptance.
