Gammarus aequicauda (Crustacea: Amphipoda): A potential test species in marine sediment toxicity assessment
Keywords:
Mediterranean Sea, cadmium, copperAbstract
In this study, the amphipod Gammarus aequicauda was evaluated as a test organism for use in sediment toxicity bioassays. Sensitivity to noncontaminant variables, to the reference toxicants and to some contaminated field sediments was analysed. Amphipods were tolerant to various salinity and temperature combinations during a ten-day assay. The organisms tested with different type of diet showed highest survival on the natural diet.
The organism density effect on survival and growth of Gammarus aequicauda during a 28-day assay was examined. The results indicated that the density did not affect survival and production, but the effect of density was significant on the average weight.
No effect on survival was observed on three sediment types during the 10-day exposure. Sensitivity to contaminants was assessed using cadmium chloride and copper chloride as reference toxicants in a 96 h water-only test. Methods were developed for conducting a short-term toxicity test with cadmium chloride-spiked sediment using this species. Water-only testing revealed high sensitivity of amphipods to reference toxicants. Experiments conducted with organisms of four different size classes demonstrated no significant differences in sensitivity.
References
Anderson, R. L. 1982. Toxicity of fenvalerate and pernethrin to several nontarget aquatic invertebrates. Environ. Entomol., 11: 1251–1257. [CSA]
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). 1992. “Standard guide for conducting 10-d static sediment toxicity tests with marine and estuarine amphipods”. In Aannual Book of ASTM Standards, Water and Environmental Technology, E1367-90 Vol. 11.04, Philadelphia: ASTM.
ASTM. 1996. “Guide for conducting 10-d static sediment toxicity tests with marine and estuarine amphipods”. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water and Environmental Technology, E1383-93 Vol. 11.04, 1173–1199. Philadelphia: ASTM.
ASTM. 1997. “Standard guide for conducting 10-d static sediment toxicity tests with marine and estuarine amphipods”. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Water and Environmental Technology, E1367-92 Vol. 11.05, 731–756. Philadelphia: ASTM.
Buikema, A. L. and Benfield, E. F. 1979. Use of macroinvertebrate life history information in toxicity tests. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 36: 321–328. [CSA]
Cesar, A, Marín-Guirao Vita, R and Marín, A. 2002. Sensitivity of Mediterranean amphipods and sea urchins to reference toxicants. Cienc. Mar., 28(4): 407–417. [CSA]
Chapman, P. M. 1988. “Marine sediment toxicity tests”. In Chemical and Biological Characterization of Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils, and Drilling Muds, Edited by: Lichtenberg, J. J., Winter, F. A., Weber, C. I. and Fradkin, L. 391–402. Philadelphia, PA, , USA: ASTM STP 976.
Ciarelli, S. 1994. “Guideline for conducting 10-day static sediment toxicity tests using marine or estuarine amphipods”. Report from the Tidal Water Division Middelburg, , The Netherlands Report Rikz- 94.031
Ciarelli, S., Vonck, W. A. P.M. A. and van Straalen, N. M. 1997. Reproducibility of spiked-sediment bioassays using the marine benthic amphipod, Corophium volutator. Mar. Environ. Res., 43(4): 329–343. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Conradi, M. and Depledge, M. H. 1998. Population response of the marine amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766) to copper. Aquat. Toxicol., 44(1–2): 31–45. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Costa, O. F., Correia, A. D. and Costa, M. H. 1996. Sensitivity of a marine amphipod to noncontaminant variables and to copper in the sediment. Ecology, 27: 269–276. [CSA]
Costa, O. F., Correia, A. D. and Costa, M. H. 1998. Acute marine sediment toxicity: a potential new test with the marine amphipod Gammarus locusta. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 40: 81–87. [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CROSSREF][CSA]
Cottiglia, M., Tagliasacchi Masala, M. L. and Serra, E. 1983. Relations trophiques dans une lagune littorale tyrrhénienne. 2—Réseaux basés sur le phytobenthos et les détritus. Rapp. Proc. Verb. Réun., Comm. Intern. Expl. Scient. Mer Médit., 28: 151–153. [CSA]
DeWitt, T. H., Ditsworth, G. R. and Swartz, R. C. 1988. Effects of natural sediment features on survival of the Phoxocephalid amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius. Mar. Environ. Res., 25: 99–124. [CROSSREF][CSA]
De Witt, T. H., Swartz, R. C. and Lamberson, J. O. 1989. Measuring the acute toxicity of estuarine sediments. Environ. Toxic. Chem., 8: 1035–1048. [CSA]
De Witt, T. H., Redmond, M. S., Sewall, J. E. and Swartz, R. C. 1992. Development of a chronic sediment toxicity test for marine benthic amphipods, Newport: United States Environmental Agency. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Ennas, C., Mugnai, C., Kozinkova, L., Bigongiari, N. and Pellegrini, D. 2002. Applicazione di una batteria di saggi biologici per la valutazione della tossicità di sedimenti portuali contaminati da metalli pesanti. Atti A.I.O.L., 15: 53–62. [CSA]
Eriksson-Wiklund, A. K. 2002. Natural and pollution induced factors affecting the reproduction in amphipods, Ph.D. Thesis Stockholm, , Sweden: University of Stockholm.
Greze, I. I. 1977. Life cycle of Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, 1931) in the Black sea. Crustaceana, 4: 88–90. [CSA]
Grosse, D. J., Pauley, G. B. and Moran, D. 1986. “Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest)—Amphipods”. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report. 82 (11.69) Slidell, LA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Hamilton, M. A., Russo, R C. and Thurston, R. V. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ. Sci. Tech., 11: 714–719. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Janssen, H., Scheepmaker, M., Van Couwelaar, M. and Pinkster, S. 1979. Biology and distribution of Gammarus aequicauda and G. Insensibilis (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the lagoon system of Bages- Sigean (France). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 49: 42–70. [CSA]
Kevrekidis, T. and Koukouras, A. 1989. Seasonal variation of abundance of Gammarus aequicauda (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the Evros Delta (NE Greece). Isr. Journ. Zool., 36: 113–123. [CSA]
Kohn, N. O., Word, J. Q. and Nijogi, D. K. 1994. Acute toxicity of ammonia to four species of marine amphipod. Mar. Environ. Res., 38: 1–15. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Ingersoll, C. G. 1995. “Sediment tests”. In Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. Effects, Environmental Fate, and Risk Assessment, Edited by: Rand, G. M. 231–255. New York: Taylor and Francis, Academic Press.
Long, E. R. 2000. Spatial extent of sediment toxicity in U.S estuaries and marine bays. Environ. Monit. Assess., 64: 391–407. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Luoma, S. N. and Ho, K. T. 1993. “Appropriate uses of marine and estuarine sediment biassays”. In Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Edited by: Calow, P. 193–226. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Neuparth, T., Costa, F. O. and Costa, M. H. 2002. Effects of temperature and salinity on life history of the marine amphipod Gammarus locusta. Implications for ecotoxicological testing. Ecotoxicology, 11: 61–73. [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CROSSREF][CSA]
Onorati, F., Bigongiari, N., Pellegrini, D. and Giuliani, S. 1999. The suitability of Corophium orientale (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in harbour sediment toxicity bioassessment. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manage., 2: 465–473. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Peterson, C. H., Kennicutt, M. C., Green, R. H., Montagna, P., Harperm, D. E. Jr., Powell, E. N. and Roscigno, P. F. 1996. Ecological consequences of environmental perturbations associated with offshore hydrocarbon production: a perspective on long-term exposures in the Gulf of Mexico. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 53: 2637–2654. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Prato, E., Gherardi, M., Pastore, M. and Bracelli, A. 1999. Polychaetes'feeding-guilds identification in an area in Mar Piccolo in Taranto (Ionian Sea). Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Venezia., 50: 171–178. [CSA]
Prato, E., Pastore, M. and Bracelli, A. 2000. An Amphipoda community in the Mar Piccolo lagoon (Gulf of Taranto, Ionian Sea). Acta Adriatica, 41(2): 17–24. [CSA]
Robinson, A. M., Lamberson, J. O., Cole, F. A. and Swartz, R. C. 1988. Effects of culture conditions on the sensitivity of a phoxocephalid amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, to cadmium in sediment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 5: 245–253. [CSA]
Schlekat, C. E., Mc Gee, B. L. and Reinharz, E. 1992. Testing sediment toxicity in Chesapeake Bay with the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus: an evaluation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 11: 225–236. [CSA]
SETAC—Europe. Guidance document on sediment toxicity assessment for freshwater and marine environments. Workshop on Sediment Toxicity Assessment. November 8–10 1993, Renesse, the Netherlands. Edited by: Hill, I. R., Matthiessen, P. and Heinbach, F. Setac-Europe.
Smith, E. H. and Logan, D. T. 1993. “Invertebrate behavior as an indicator of contaminated water and sediments”. In Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Edited by: Gorsuch, J. W., Dwyer, F. J., Ingersoll, C. G. and La Point, T. W. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM.
Swartz, R. C., Ditsworth, G. R., Schults, D. W. and Lamberson, J. O. 1985. Sediment toxicity to a marine infaunal amphipod: cadmium and its interaction with Sewage Sludge. Mar. Environ. Res., 18: 133–153. [CROSSREF][CSA]
Swartz, R. C., Cole, F. A., Lamberson, J. O., Ferraro, S. P., Schults, D. W., Deben, W. A., Lee, H. II and Ozretich, R. J. 1994. Sediment toxicity, contamination and amphipod abundance at a DDT—and dieldrin-contaminated site in S. Francisco Bay. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 13: 949–962. [CSA]
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1994. Methods for assessing the toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants with estuarine and marine amphipods, Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development. 600-R-94-025
Williams, K. A., Green, D. W. J. and Pascoe, D. 1985. Studies on the acute toxicity of pollutants to freshwater macroinvertebrates. 1. Cadmium. Arch. Hydrob., 102: 461–471. [CSA]
Published
Issue
Section
License
Manuscripts must be original. They must not be published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. It is required that the lead author of accepted papers complete and sign the MSU Press AEHM Author Publishing Agreement and provide it to the publisher upon acceptance.
