Assessment of some marine ecosystems using sustainable utilization indicators in Hai Phong—Quang Ninh coastal area, Vietnam
Keywords:
indicator analysis, remote sensing, mangrove forest, coral reef, coastal managementAbstract
This study is aimed at analyzing key indicators for the evaluation of changes and tendencies of sustainable utilization and management in some marine ecosystems in the coastal waters of Hai Phong - Quang Ninh area. To complete this study, the methods employed consisted of the application of remote sensing data and geographic information systems to extract information on spatial distribution of mangrove and tidal flat ecosystems, as well as on the reclamation area for human development and indicator investigation and analysis, using remote sensing extracted and field survey monitored data with Microsoft Excel (MS Excel). Applying indicators for sustainable utilization and management of marine ecosystems, developed in recent studies for the Hai Phong - Quang Ninh area, demonstrated changes and trends in significant ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangroves. The outcomes showed that from 1998 to 2003, living coral cover was reduced by 20% on average in the Ha Long Bay area and by 13% in Cat Ba (Hang Trai - Dau Be), and projected that living coral cover would be reduced by a further 10% to 50% by 2010. The number of coral species was much reduced by 15% to 72% in the Ha Long—Cat Ba area. Mangrove area also decreased between 1995 and 2004, particularly after 2000, and is projected to be only 10,000 ha in 2010 in Quang Ninh. Marine ecosystems in the coastal waters of Hai Phong - Quang Ninh area have degraded significantly, particularly coral reefs, mangroves and tidal flats.
References
Dien, T. V., Lan, T. D. and Huy, D. V. 2004. Establishment and use of GIS database and combination of remote sensing application for sustainable environmental planning for Hai Phong - Quang Ninh provinces, Hai Phong, Vietnam: Institute of Marine Environment and Resources. Final report of Vietnam-Belgium cooperative project
English, S., Wilkinson, C. and Baker, V., eds. 1997. Survey manual for tropical marine resources, , 2nd Edition., Townsville: Australian Institute of marine Science.
Hodgson, G., Kiene, W., Mihaly, J., Liebeler, J., Shuman, C. and Maun, L. 2004. Reef Check Instruction Manual: A Guide to Reef Check Coral Reef Monitoring, Los Angeles: Reef Check, University of California.
Hoi, N. C. and Lan, T. D. 2003. Environmental monitoring, prediction (EMP) and integration of EMP in coastal management planning in Vietnam, Hai Phong, Vietnam: Institute of Marine Environment and Resources. Final report of Vietnam-Sweden cooperative project
Hoi, N. C., Tuan, T. A. and Tho, N. H. Initially environmental assessment for coastal aquaculture of Vietnam. Proceedings of national conference on environmental protection and aqua-living resources. pp.53–65. Hanoi: Agriculture Publishing House.
Hong, P. N. Mangrove conservation and sustainable fisheries development. Proceedings of national conference on environmental protection and aqua-living resources. pp.240–253. Hanoi: Agriculture Publishing House.
Lan, T. D. 2004a. Characterization of Marine Resources in the Coastal Region of Hai Phong-Quang Ninh. Marine Resources and Environment, XI, Hanoi: Science and Technique Publishing House.
Lan, T. D. Approach to environmental cost valuation for shrimp farming in North Vietnam. Proceedings of the conference for the 45th establishment of Hai Phong Institute of Oceanology. December 2004, Hai Phong, Vietnam. pp.65–79.
Lan, T. D. 2006. Study on environmental and ecological indicator development for natural resources rational utilization in the coastal waters of Ha Long-Bai Tu Long Bay. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, : 15–24. No. 6 (1)
Lan, T. D. 2007. Study on rational utilization of natural resources in marine areas of Northeast Vietnam through developing environmental indicators, Doctoral thesis in Geography University of Science, Hanoi National University.
Lan, T. D. and Binh, D. T. 2004. Habitat mapping and monitoring for Ha Long coastal waters, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam Technical report of the forth component of the international project “Capacity building in integrated coastal management for the Gulf of Tonkin”. ReefCheck, SeagrassNet, Hai Phong
Lan, T. D. and Minh, N. K. Development of Experimental models for estimating environmental costs of costal shrimp farming. Proceedings of National Conference on Protecting the Environment and Living Resources. pp.682–690. Hanoi: Agriculture Publishing House.
OECD. 1991. Environmental Indicators, Paris: OECD.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Manuscripts must be original. They must not be published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. It is required that the lead author of accepted papers complete and sign the MSU Press AEHM Author Publishing Agreement and provide it to the publisher upon acceptance.
