Identification of coastal water quality by self-organizing map in Sanya Bay, South China Sea

Authors

  • Mei-Lin Wu State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • Yan-Ying Zhang State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • Jun-De Dong State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • You-Shao Wang State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • Chuang-Hua Cai State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

Keywords:

nutrients, human activities, nature change

Abstract

A self-organizing map (SOM) was utilized to identify the effects caused by human activities on water quality in Sanya Bay, South China Sea. Spatial pattern is mainly related to anthropogenic activities and hydrodynamic conditions. Water quality in Sanya Bay was divided into two groups by SOM: S1 and S2 were in east parts of Sanya Bay (Sanya River Estuary), which are areas of human activity, while the rest of the monitoring sites were in the south, central and northern parts of Sanya Bay, which are areas that have water exchanges from South China Sea. The results of this study may provide information on spatial patterns in Sanya Bay.

References

Astel, A., Tsakouski, S., Barbieri, P. and Simeonov, V. 2007. Comparison of self-organizing maps classification approach with cluster and principal components analysis for large environmental data sets. Water Research, 41(19): 4566–4578.

Cereghino, R. and Park, Y. S. 2009. Review of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) approach in water resources: Commentary. Environmental Modelling & Software, 24(8): 945–947.

Chau, K. W. and Muttil, N. 2007. Data mining and multivariate statistical analysis for ecological system in coastal waters. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 9(4): 305–317.

Chen, Q. W. and Mynett, A. E. 2006. Modelling algal blooms in the Dutch coastal waters by integrated numerical and fuzzy cellular automata approaches. Ecological Modelling, 199(1): 73–81.

Cinar, O. and Merdun, H. 2009. Application of an unsupervised artificial neural network technique to multivariant surface water quality data. Ecological Research, 24(1): 163–173.

Dong, J. D., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, S., Wang, Y. S., Yang, Z. H. and Wu, M. L. 2010. Identification of temporal and spatial variations of water quality in Sanya Bay, China by three-way principal component analysis. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60(8): 1673–1682.

Han, W. Y. 1998. Marine Chemistry in South China Sea, Beijing, , China: Science Publishing House.

Huang, L. M., Tan, Y. H., Song, X. Y., Huang, X. P., Wang, H. K., Zhang, S., Dong, J. D. and Chen, R. Y. 2003. The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 47(1–6): 180–186.

Kohonen, T. 1982. Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biological Cybernetics, 43(1): 59–69.

Kohonen, T. 2001. Self-organizing maps. Third edition, Berlin, Berlin: Springer.

Liu, Y. and Weisberg, R. H. 2005. Patterns of ocean current variability on the West Florida Shelf using the self-organizing map. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110: C06003 doi:10.1029/2004JC002786

Liu, Y. and Weisberg, R. H. 2011. “A review of Self-Organizing Map applications in meteorology and oceanography”. In Self-Organizing Maps - Applications and Novel Algorithm Design, Edited by: Mwasiagi, J. I. 253–272. Rijeka, , Croatia: InTech. ISBN 978-953-307-546-4

Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H. and Mooers, C. N. K. 2006. Performance evaluation of the Self-Organizing Map for feature extraction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111: C05018 doi:10.1029/2005jc003117

Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H. and Yuan, Y. 2008. Patterns of upper layer circulation variability in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry using the Self-Organizing Map. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 27(Supp.): 129–144.

Lu, R. S. and Lo, S. L. 2002. Diagnosing reservoir water quality using self-organizing maps and fuzzy theory. Water Research, 36(9): 2265–2274.

Song, M. Y., Hwang, H. J., Kwak, I. S., Ji, C. W., Oh, Y. N., Youn, B. J. and Chon, T. S. 2007. Self-organizing mapping of benthic macroinvertebrate communities implemented to community assessment and water quality evaluation. Ecological Modelling, 203(1–2): 18–25.

Wang, Y. S., Lou, Z. P., Sun, C. C., Wu, M. L. and Han, S. H. 2006. Multivariate statistical analysis of water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 1999 to 2002. Oceanologia, 48(2): 193–211.

Wu, M. L. and Wang, Y. S. 2007. Using chemometrics to evaluate anthropogenic effects in Daya Bay, China. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 72(4): 732–742.

Wu, M. L., Wang, Y. S., Sun, C. C., Wang, H. L., Dong, J. D. and Han, S. H. 2009a. Identification of anthropogenic effects and seasonality on water quality in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(10): 3082–3090.

Wu, M. L., Wang, Y. S., Sun, C. C., Wang, H. L., Lou, Z. P. and Dong, J. D. 2009b. Using chemometrics to identify water quality in Daya Bay, China. Oceanologia, 51(2): 217–232.

Wu, M. L., Wang, Y. S., Sun, C. C., Wang, H. L., Dong, J. D., Yin, J. P. and Han, S. H. 2010. Identification of coastal water quality by statistical analysis methods in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(6): 852–860.

Ye, L., Cai, Q. H., Liu, R. Q. and Cao, M. 2009. The influence of topography and land use on water quality of Xiangxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir region. Environmental Geology, 58(5): 937–942.

Zhou, W. H., Li, T., Cai, C. H., Huang, L. M., Wang, H. K., Xu, J. R., Dong, J. D. and Zhang, S. 2009. Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton biomass in Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 21(5): 595–603.

Zhuang, W., Wang, D., Wu, R. and Hu, J. 2005. Coastal Upwelling off Eastern Fujian-Guangdong detected by remote sensing and shipboard measurements. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science, 29(3): 438–444.

Published

2011-07-01

Issue

Section

Research article