Risk assessment: Cornerstone of an aquatic invasive species program
Keywords:
risk analysis, risk management, socio-economic analysis, impactAbstract
Understanding the biological and socio-economic risks associated with existing and potential aquatic invasive species is essential for an aquatic invasive species program to be successful. Effective programs are based on risk analyses, in which risk assessment informs risk management and both are communicated to resource managers and the public. Risk assessments provide valuable information that can be applied to many areas of an aquatic invasive species program. Based on biological and socio-economic risk assessments, appropriate risk management actions related to prevention, early detection and rapid response, and control can be undertaken. In particular, biological risk assessments inform both socio-economic risk assessment and subsequent preventative, monitoring, and control management actions. The uncertainty and knowledge gaps identified in risk assessments help identify and prioritize future research. Risk assessments are used to identify the riskiest aquatic invasive species and pathways and can be used to identify effective management, policy, and legislative actions to minimize risk. This, in turn, allows for the optimal allocation of limited resources to combat aquatic invasive species; therefore, risk assessment should be considered the cornerstone of a successful aquatic invasive species program. This article describes the risk analysis of aquatic invasive species, with emphasis on biological risk assessment and how they can be managed using marine and freshwater examples, with particular emphasis on the risk assessment of Bigheaded Carps in North America.
References
Anonymous, 1996. Generic non-indigenous aquatic organisms risk analysis review process. Report to the Risk Assessment and Management Committee of the U. S. Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force.
Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee Monitoring and Response Workgroup (ACRCC-MRWG), 2014. Monitoring and response plan for Asian carp in the Upper Illinois River and Chicago Area Waterway System. 138 p. http://asiancarp.us/
Bradford, M.J., Tovey, C.P., Herborg, L-M., 2008. Biological risk assessment for Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) in British Columbia. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2008/73. iv + 21 p.
Casas-Monroy, O., Linley, R.D., Adams, J.K., Chan, F.T., Drake, D.A.R., and Bailey, S.A., 2014. National risk assessment for introduction of aquatic nonindigenous species to Canada by ballast water. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2013/128. vi + 73 p.
Chapman, P.M., Cudmore, B., Mandrak, N.E., 2007. Proceedings of the National Risk Assessment Methods Workshop. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Proceedings Series 2006/049.
Cuddington, K., Currie, W.J.S., Koops, M.A., 2014. Could an Asian carp population establish in the Great Lakes from a small introduction? Biol. Inv. 16, 903–917.
Cudmore, B., Mandrak, N.E., Dettmers, J., Chapman, D.C., Kolar, C.S., 2012. Binational ecological risk assessment of bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) for the Great Lakes basin. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2011/114. vi + 57 p.
Drake, D.A.R., Mandrak, N.E., 2014. Ecological risk associated with live bait fisheries: a new angle on selective fishing. Fisheries 39, 201–211.
DFO, 2012. Proceedings of the CSAS peer review of the binational ecological risk assessment of bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) for the Great Lakes basin; November 8–10, 2011. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Proceed. Ser. 2011/060.
Hayder, S., 2014. Socio-economic impact of the presence of Asian Carp in the Great Lakes basin. Policy and Economics, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB. iv + 76 p.
Herborg, L-M., Mandrak, N.E., Cudmore, B., MacIsaac, H.J., 2007. Comparative distribution and invasion risk of snakehead and Asian carp species in North America. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64, 1723–1735.
Jerscke, J.M., Strayer, D.L., 2005. Invasion success of vertebrates in Europe and North America. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7198–7202.
Keller, R.P., Drake, J. M., Lodge, D.M., 2007. Fecundity as a basis for risk assessment of nonindigenous freshwater mollusks. Cons. Biol. 21, 191–200.
Koops, M.A., Gerlofsma, J., Marty, J., 2010. Risk assessment of the bloody red shrimp (Hemimysis anomala) in Canada. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2009/107. iv + 20 p.
Laxton, D., 2012. Summary of the rapid response to the detection of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Mimico Creek, Etobicoke, Ontario. Invasive Species Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. http://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca
Locke, A., Hanson, J.M., MacNair, N.G., Smith, A.H., 2009. Rapid response to non-indigenous species. 2. Case studies of invasive tunicates in Prince Edward Island. Aquatic Invasions 4, 249–258.
Locke, A., Mandrak, N.E., Therriault, T.W., 2011. A Canadian rapid response framework for aquatic invasive species. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2010/114.
Lodge, D.M., Williams, S.L., MacIsaac, H., Hayes, K., Leung, B., Reichard, S., Mack, R.N., Moyle, P.B., Smith, M., Andow, D.A., Carlton, J.T., McMichael, A., 2006. Biological invasions: recommendations for U.S. policy and management. Ecol. Appl. 16, 2035–2054.
Mandrak, N.E., Cudmore, B., 2004. Risk assessment for Asian carps in Canada. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2004/103. iv + 55 p.
Mandrak, N.E., Cudmore, B., Chapman, P.M., 2013a. National detailed-level risk assessment guidelines: assessing the biological risk of aquatic invasive species in Canada. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2011/092. vi + 17 p.
Mandrak, N.E., Gantz, C., Jones, L.A., Marson, D., Cudmore, B., 2013b. Evaluation of five freshwater fish risk assessment protocols and application to non-indigenous organisms in trade in Canada. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2013/nnn. v + 127 p.
Marson, D., Gertzen, E., Cudmore, B., 2014. Results of the Burlington 2013 Asian carp early detection field monitoring program. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3054: vii + 27 p.
Mendoza Alfaro, R. E., Cudmore, B., Orr, R., Fisher, J. P., Balderas, S. C., Courtenay, W. R., Koleff Osorio, P., Mandrak, N., Álvarez Torres, P., Arroyo Damián, M., Escalera Gallardo, C., Güevara Sanguinés, A., Greene, G., Lee, D., Orbe-Mendoza, A., Ramírez Martínez, C., Stabridis Arana, O., 2009. Trinational risk assessment guidelines for aquatic alien invasive species. Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal, QC.
Moorhouse, T.P., MacDonald, D.W., 2015. Are invasives worse in freshwater than terrestrial ecosystems? WIREs Water 2015, 2, 1–8. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1059
Morgan, M.G., Hennrion, M., 1990. Uncertainty: a guide to dealing with uncertainty in quantitative risk and policy analysis. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
Sala, O. E., Chapin, III F. S., Armesto, J. J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., Huber-Sanwald, E., Huenneke, L.F., Jackson, R.B., Kinzig, A., Leemans, R., Lodge, D.M., Mooney, H.A., Oesterheld, M., LeRoy Poff, N., Sykes, M.T., Walker, B.H., Walker, M., Wall, D.H., 2000. Biodiversity-global diversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287, 1770–1774.
Simberloff, D., Martin, J-L., Genovesi, P., Maris, V., Wardle, D.A., Aronson, J., Courchamp, F., Galil, B., Garcıa-Berthou, E., Pascal, M., Pysek, P., Sousa, R., Tabacchi, E., Vila, M., 2013. Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28, 58–66.
Snyder, E., Mandrak, N.E., Niblock, H., Cudmore, B., 2013. Developing a screening-level risk assessment prioritization protocol for aquatic non-indigenous species in Canada: review of existing protocols. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2012/097. vii + 75 p.
Therriault, T.W., Herborg, L.M., 2007. Risk assessment for two solitary and three colonial tunicates in both Atlantic and Pacific Canadian Waters. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2007/063. iv + 64 p.
Therriault, T.W., Herborg, L.M., Locke, A., McKindsey, C.W., 2008. Risk assessment for Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in Canadian waters. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2008/41. iv + 31 p.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, 2014. The GLMRIS report: Great Lakes and Mississippi River interbasin study. http://glmris.anl.gov/documents/docs/glmrisreport/GLMRIS_Report.pdf
Vilizzi, L., Cooper, D., South, A., Copp, G.H., Garthwaite, R., Gozlan, R. E., 2007. Freshwater Fish Invasiveness Scoring Kit (FISK) Version 1–19. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs,
United Kingdom.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Manuscripts must be original. They must not be published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. It is required that the lead author of accepted papers complete and sign the MSU Press AEHM Author Publishing Agreement and provide it to the publisher upon acceptance.
